Operating a Heating Stove: Step-by-Step Guide for Safe & Efficient Use

Before You Start: Prepare for Safe Operation

A successful stove experience starts before you ever light a match or press a button. Follow this checklist for all stove types:

Read the Manufacturer’s Manual: Every stove model is unique—always review official instructions before operation.
Check Clearances: Ensure nothing flammable (furniture, drapes, papers) is too close to the stove.
Test Safety Devices: Confirm that smoke and carbon monoxide detectors near the stove are working.
Inspect Venting: Look for blockages, leaks, or soot buildup in chimneys and vent pipes.
Gather Supplies: Dry fuel (wood, pellets, coal), matches/lighter, gloves, and fire tools as needed.

Open Air Controls: Fully open the primary (and secondary, if equipped) air inlets.
Build a Fire: Place crumpled paper or fire starters on the grate, add kindling, then a few small logs.
Light: Ignite the paper and close the door, leaving it slightly ajar if recommended for draft.
Gradual Loading: Once the kindling is burning well, add larger logs as needed.

Fill the Hopper: Use only dry, approved pellets.
Check Ash Pan & Burn Pot: Empty if needed; clean any clinkers or buildup.
Power On: Plug in and switch on the stove. Set thermostat or manual control to desired heat.
Ignition: Most stoves start automatically; if not, use the manual ignition procedure in your manual.

Turn the control to “off” and allow the stove to complete its cool-down cycle before unplugging or cleaning.

Check Gas Supply: Ensure the gas valve (and propane tank, if used) is open and filled.
Ignition: Use the switch, remote, or thermostat to ignite the pilot or main burner.
Adjust Heat: Set the desired flame height or temperature.
Vent-Free Models: Always follow room ventilation guidelines and never operate for extended periods in a closed space.

Turn stove off at the control. For manual models, turn gas valve to “off” if not in regular use.

Plug In: Connect to a grounded 120V wall outlet—avoid extension cords.
Power On: Use the main switch or remote to turn the stove on.
Adjust Settings: Set the temperature, flame effect, and fan speed as desired.
Safety: Never cover vents or place near water sources. Use only indoors unless rated for outdoor use.

Start a Wood Fire: Use kindling and small logs to create a hot bed of coals.
Add Coal: Gradually add small amounts of coal on top of the wood fire.
Open Underfire Air: Ensure plenty of airflow from below the grate.
Shake Grates: Once burning, shake grates as needed to remove ash and maintain airflow.

Fill Hopper: Load with approved anthracite coal.
Set Thermostat: Automated feeder and air controls run the stove as programmed.

How often should I reload my stove? Depends on stove type, fuel, and heat setting—wood/coal may need reloading every 4–12 hours; pellet/gas/electric are more automated.
Can I run my stove overnight? Most wood, pellet, gas, and coal stoves are safe for overnight use if in good condition and properly installed. Always follow manufacturer guidelines.
Why is my stove smoking or not heating well? Poor draft, wet fuel, dirty vents, or incorrect air settings may be to blame—see our troubleshooting guide for solutions.
Is it safe to leave my stove running when I’m out? For solid fuel stoves (wood, coal), avoid leaving unattended for long periods. Automated pellet/gas/electric stoves are generally safer but should still be monitored.